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Tohunga o waho (which translates to ‘outdoor specialists’ in English) is a business that offers educational outdoor experiences in New Zealand. Its mission statement is to provide the best out-of-the-classroom wilderness experiences for school-aged children. There is a focus on student personal growth and the sustainability of New Zealand’s natural resources in its programmes, which is reflected in Tohunga o waho’s goals. Tohunga o waho contracts its services to a range of primary and secondary schools throughout New Zealand, with regional offices in Auckland, Wellington, and Christchurch.
Management have recently completed a variance analysis and identified some unfavourable variances. An extract of this analysis is shown in the table below.
| Budget | Actual | Variance | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Fuel costs | $10,000 | $11,500 | $(1,150) |
| Staff costs | $20,000 | $22,500 | $(2,500) |
| Equipment repairs | $5,000 | $6,200 | $(1,200) |
You may choose EITHER Tohunga o waho OR a large business (more than 20 employees and/or with a national or regional significance) operating in New Zealand that you have studied in depth.
Explain why using variance analysis could be an advantage to the business.
Using a specific example, how could a business correct an unfavourable variance in costs to ensure that it remains profitable?
Tohunga o waho (which translates to ‘outdoor specialists’ in English) is a business that offers educational outdoor experiences in New Zealand. Its mission statement is to provide the best out-of-the-classroom wilderness experiences for school-aged children. There is a focus on student personal growth and the sustainability of New Zealand’s natural resources in its programmes, which is reflected in Tohunga o waho’s goals. Tohunga o waho contracts its services to a range of primary and secondary schools throughout New Zealand, with regional offices in Auckland, Wellington, and Christchurch.
DEFINITION Rangatiratanga refers to the exercise of leadership, authority, guardianship, and ownership rights – particularly focused on resource production, utilisation, and management for current and future requirements. This includes strategic development and oversight, relationship development and maintenance, problem-solving, conflict resolution and peace-making, adaptation, risk analysis, and management.
The personal growth of future leaders (rangatira) is a key aspect of Tohunga o waho’s wilderness experience. The students are taught about different leadership styles, and are provided opportunities to practise and reflect on being effective leaders in a variety of activities. As the experience continues, the staff model a more ‘hands-off / laissez-faire’ leadership style to encourage the students to take more ownership of the experience.
You may choose EITHER Tohunga o waho OR a large business (more than 20 employees and/or with a national or regional significance) operating in New Zealand that you have studied in depth.
Discuss the effectiveness of the use of different leadership styles when developing future leaders.
Explain why it might be appropriate for a business to adopt a laissez-faire leadership style to promote the personal growth of future leaders.
Explain why this type of leadership style might be inappropriate to develop future leaders, and how this could lead to poor decision-making.
Referring to the business and TWO elements of the definition of rangatiratanga, justify whether one type of leadership style would be more effective than another.
Policies and procedures are vital for keeping a business running in a safe and orderly manner.
In the box below, enter the details of a large business (more than 20 employees and/or having a national or regional significance) operating in New Zealand that you have studied in depth. Do not use Tohunga o waho.
Name of the large business, AND good(s) sold or service(s) provided.
Explain ONE policy that your chosen business has in place to maintain the health and safety of employees.
Explain ONE health and safety procedure that your chosen business has in place to protect customers. How would the business be impacted if this procedure is not followed?
Tohunga o waho (which translates to ‘outdoor specialists’ in English) is a business that offers educational outdoor experiences in New Zealand. Its mission statement is to provide the best out-of-the-classroom wilderness experiences for school-aged children. There is a focus on student personal growth and the sustainability of New Zealand’s natural resources in its programmes, which is reflected in Tohunga o waho’s goals. Tohunga o waho contracts its services to a range of primary and secondary schools throughout New Zealand, with regional offices in Auckland, Wellington, and Christchurch.
DEFINITION Pūtake refers to the origin, or reason for being. Every business has a reason for being. Many Māori businesses exist for the same reason as other businesses – that is, they are there to provide goods or services at a profit and to enrich the business owner(s). A significant number, however, have very different reasons for being. Such businesses emphasise communal and social responsibilities, which may not be a priority for mainstream businesses.
Tohunga o waho is struggling with a limited supply of experienced staff. The business is reaching its capacity in terms of staff-to-student ratios. Management would like to allow more students on each experience without increasing staff numbers. There is a conflict with meeting the increasing capacity and ensuring staff well-being, while also maintaining standards and staying true to its pūtake of providing the best out-of-theclassroom wilderness experience.
You may choose EITHER Tohunga o waho OR a large business (more than 20 employees and/or with a national or regional significance) operating in New Zealand that you have studied in depth.
Discuss the importance of a business being socially responsible, as well as being economically sustainable.
Using a specific example, explain why it is in the best interests of the business to be socially responsible.
Explain why being socially responsible could be a disadvantage, and how this disadvantage might impact the future of the business.
Justify, with TWO reasons, whether it is important for the business to be both socially responsible and economically sustainable. You should refer to the concept of pūtake in your answer.